Pairwise LOD scores were calculated using the MLINK program of the FASTLINK package version 4.1 assuming an autosomal dominant trait for FS with disease allele frequency of 0.01 and incomplete penetrance of 85%. Because the frequency of FS in the general population is approximately 2%–5%, we used a phenocopy rate of 3% as previously reported.17 We considered as affected all individuals with FS.
