the hemodynamic response (Bandettini et al., 1993; Boynton et al., 1996). Functional data were transformed into standardized space (Lancaster et al., 2000; Talairach and Tournoux, 1988) and resampled into 3.5 mm3 voxels, and a spatial smoothing Gaussian filter (full-width half maximum = 3.5 mm) was applied. These steps resulted in a fit coefficient for each voxel representing BOLD response to SWM relative to the vigilance task condition; separate coefficients modeled SWM relative to fixation, and vigilance relative to rest.