The Wave I survey used seven questions to assess the youth’s perceptions of familial and parental acceptance: (1) “How much do you feel that your family understands you?;” (2) “How much do you feel that you and your family have fun together?;” (3) “How much do you feel your parents care about you?;” (4) “How much do you feel your family pays attention to you?;” (5) “How much do you feel you want to leave home?;” (6) “How close do you feel to your mother?;” and (7) “How close do you feel to your father?” All seven questions used the same response options that ranged from not at all (scored as 1) to very much (scored as 5). Question 5 (i.e., desire to leave home) was reverse coded. In addition, the Wave 1 interview assessed youth’s perceived parental control or monitoring using seven dichotomous yes/no questions: “Do your parents let you make your own decisions about…” (1) “the people you hang around with;” (2) “the time you must be home on the weekend;” (3) “what you wear;” (4) “how much
