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Chunk #14 — Discussion — Strengths and limitations

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Investigating causality in associations between smoking initiation and schizophrenia using Mendelian randomization.
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One final potential limitation of this study is the possibility of population stratification due to the different ancestry samples included in the PGC2 GWAS (both European and Asian). There is some evidence of a slight difference in allele frequency for rs6265 between European and Asian populations (A allele frequency 0.2 in Europeans and 0.4 in Asians according to hapmap)28. The PGC2 GWAS adjusted for principal components, which should mitigate the effect of population stratification somewhat.