Four sets of samples (both AA and EA family and case-control samples) were collected (Table 1). Subjects were recruited at four sites in the US: University of Connecticut Health Center (Farmington, CT, USA), Yale University School of Medicine (APT Foundation, New Haven, CT, USA), Medical University of South Carolina (Charleston, SC, USA), and McLean Hospital (Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA). The study protocol was approved by the institutional review board (IRB) at each clinical site. After complete description of the study to the subjects, written informed consent was obtained.