Participants (N=3762; 52% female) were drawn from the Minnesota Twin Family Study, a community -representative longitudinal study of Minnesota families (11). The younger twin cohort (N=2510; 51% female) was first assessed at age 11 during the years 1988–2005. The older cohort was first assessed at age 17 (N=1252; 54% female) during the years 1989–1996. Members of the 11-year old cohort were invited to participate in follow-up assessments at age 14 and 17, and all twins were invited to participate in follow -up assessments at age 20, 24, and 29. Cohorts were combined for all analyses. Participants received modest payments for their assessments. Written assent or consent was obtained from all participants, including the parents of minor children, and all study protocols were approved by the University of Minnesota IRB.
