Existing evidences indicate that chronic inflammation mediated by modulation of neurons and activation of microglia and astrocytes plays significant roles in CNS disorders and specifically in neurodegenerative diseases. Decades of research toward the discovery and development of treatments for these diseases, especially the neurodegeneration, while successful to some extent, still faces hurdles. The probability that some failed therapies have engaged wrong targets might be a possible explanation. Preclinical findings suggest that elucidation of target engagement of drugs in CNS disorders via PET imaging of the known brain biomarkers can assist to track disease progression, guide drug development, and monitor therapies for the treatment of these disorders. This task requires having access to the number of receptor-selective molecular probes. Especially in early stage of neurodegenerative diseases, in addition to evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid and plasma samples of an individual, PET imaging of pro-inflammatory biomarker of the same individual may help identify the causes of inflammation and potentially assist developing an efficient translational application of relevant therapeutic interventions. Purinergic receptors present promising potential for PET imaging of the neurological disorder biomarkers. These
