Hierarchical logistic regression analyses confirmed independent and statistically significant effects of both maltreatment and familial liability on antisocial development in children, as presented in Table 2A and Table 2B. In the best-fitting model for the twin sample (#4), odds ratios (OR) were 2.5–3.3 for reported maltreatment (p<.0001) and 1.9–19.6 for varying degrees of incremental familial risk (p<.0001). For the children in COGA, only substantiated or foster care status was significant among the maltreatment variables (OR=3.7 , p=.003 in the best-fitting model), and familial liability (as dichotomously characterized) was moderately associated with conduct problem outcome (OR= 1.9 in that model). There was no evidence to substantiate a statistically-significant interaction effect between familial liability and maltreatment in either model.
