Caviness et al., in a cross-sectional sample of 15 boys and 15 girls aged 7–11, found that the cerebellum was at adult volume in females but not males at this age range, suggesting the presence of late development and sexual dimorphism (Caviness et al., 1996). The function of the cerebellum has traditionally been described as related to motor control, but it is now commonly accepted that the cerebellum is also involved in emotional processing and other higher cognitive functions that mature throughout adolescence (Riva and Giorgi, 2000; Schmahmann, 2004).
