For on-time maturing girls, reciprocal links were found between parent-child relationship quality and cigarette use and alcohol use, such that poor parent-child relationship quality at Time 1 was associated with increased substance use at Time 2 (ß = .06 & .09, p<.05, for cigarette and alcohol use respectively) while substance use at Time 1 was linked with poor parent-child relationship quality twelve months later (ß = .10, p<.01 & .06, p<.05, for cigarette and alcohol use respectively). For early maturing girls, parent-child relationship quality predicted alcohol use twelve months later (ß = .16, p<.05). No other effects were observed over and above stability in study constructs across time. For late maturing girls, reciprocal effects were found between parent-child relationship quality and cigarette use (ß = .25 & .12, p<.05). In addition, Time 1 alcohol use was associated with poor parent-child relationship quality at Time 2 in this group (ß = .18, p<.05). Parent-child relationship quality at Time 1 was not associated with late maturing girls’ alcohol use at Time 2 (ß = .00, p>.10).
