Chunk #15 — METHODS — Measures — Fagerström Test of Nicotine Dependence (FTND; [21])

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Evaluating the validities of different DSM-IV-based conceptual constructs of tobacco dependence.

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The FTND, which measures physical tobacco dependence, was administered at baseline to both samples. This measure was incorporated in concurrent validation analyses because it is the most widely used measure of dependence, and data support its validity (see [1]).