As detailed in the Supplementary Tables S6 and S7, our results provide clues on many other genes sharing the same pathways, genes that act in concert to give rise to individual differences in smoking behaviours. The genes and pathways reported herein worth further investigation in relation to other addiction phenotypes and disease traits such as depression 50, schizophrenia 51 or cancers 48, 52 with which smoking shares genetic factors 53.