Chunk #99 — III. Selected Methodological Issues — C. Analyses — 1. Achieving significant genome wide association in single samples vs seeking replication and generalization in multiple samples

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Molecular genetics of addiction and related heritable phenotypes: genome-wide association approaches identify "connectivity constellation" and drug target genes with pleiotropic effects.

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a) Single sample approaches: As noted above, genome wide association gains power to detect variants in more and more of the genome as more and more genetic markers, generally SNPs and/or copy number variants, are assayed. Since many hundreds of thousands of SNPs and/or copy number variants are assayed in current datasets, stringent approaches to correct for the large number of multiple comparisons are needed.