Endocannabinoids have been shown to have both anxiolytic and anti-depressant properties in clinical and preclinical modes (Hill and Gorzalka, 2009; Moreira et al., 2009). CB1 receptors are expressed throughout the central nervous system, with high densities in the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and hypothalamus (Herkenham et al., 1991). Activation of CB1 inhibits the presynaptic release of GABA and glutamate (Mackie, 2008). Thus, it is posited that differences in endocannabinoid effects on emotionality occur through regional differences in receptor activation (Hill and Gorzalka, 2009) and/or through differential activation of CB1 and off-target receptors, such as TRPV1 (Rubino et al., 2008).
