cocaine-induced LTD in midbrain DA neurons (Pan et al 2008). Animal studies further have shown that, after a prolonged withdrawal period, pretreatment with a CB1 antagonist (SR141716) attenuates cocaine relapse induced by exposure to cocaine or cocaine-related cues, while pretreatment with a CB1 agonist (HU210) precipitates a relapse to cocaine-seeking behavior (De Vries et al 2001). Finally, the motivation to seek cocaine is decreased in CB1 knockout mice compared to wild type mice (Soria et al 2005).