underlying the demonstrated GxE remain unknown and untested. One possible reason that youth carrying two short alleles of 5-HTTLPR are more susceptible to the full dimension of parenting is, genes involved in serotonergic system functioning are likely implicated in reward and punishment systems.18, 25 Such youth may be more susceptible to both positive and negative parenting effects by virtue of being more responsive to parental rewards and punishment, respectively, and in turn, greater or lowered positive affect as a result.
