emerging data challenging this common interpretation suggest that these brain structure correlates may, at least partially, reflect genetically conferred predisposing risk factors for alcohol involvement (6,7). For example, studies of substance naïve children of parents with AUD have observed similar associations with reduced gray matter metrics (8). However, these studies have also reported apparently paradoxical findings that non-exposed children of parents with AUD are characterized by increased gray matter structure in the precentral gyrus, the inferior and caudal frontal gyrus, the temporal partial junction, and the interior-temporal gyrus (2,8).
