0.39% among polymorphic SNPs. It is predicted that some traits may be affected by these loci, underlying systematic differences may occur among the sub-populations. It would seem that if BXD sub-population effects are detected, the trait may be readily mapped to one of these recent polymorphisms. We have found significant sub-population effects only for the adrenal weight of males. On the basis of these results, we conclude that the new population of BXD RI lines resembles the old set, but can it be used as one integrated population?