The Environment And Genetics in Lung cancer Etiology (EAGLE) study is an integrative population-based study of lung cancer. We present here the study design, field activities, management organization, strategies we used to increase the participation rate in population controls, and characteristics of the enrolled subjects. We also provide our perspectives on how the integration of complex epidemiological, clinical and genomic data and participation of multiple investigators can shed light on the etiology, prevention and treatment of this deadly disease.