Moderators were coded as follows: affiliation with VA: 0 = no, 1 = yes; funding by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) and/or other National Institutes of Health (NIH): 0 = no, 1 = yes; tissue segmentation method: semi-automated (requiring some human input, rating, or judgment) = 0, fully automated (performed entirely by computerized algorithm) = 1; volume adjustment for ICV: 0 = no, 1 = yes; treatment-seeking status: non-treatment-seeking = 0; treatment-seeking = 1. Continuous data were recorded for year of publication, total sample size, MRI field strength in Tesla (T), average age of the total sample, percentage of males in the total sample, difference in years of education between control and AUD groups, duration of heavy drinking or AUD in the AUD group, lifetime consumption of alcohol in the AUD group, and number of days abstinent at MRI scan.