These populations were based on self-identified ethnic affiliation. The NYCPEA, NYCPFA and PRA were from New York City and were collected as part of the New York Cancer Project (Mitchell, et al., 2004). The Mayan samples were collected from two villages, Bola De Oro and Cienega Grande, from Chimaltenango Guatemala (provided by G.S. and J.B.), the Quechuan individuals were from Peru (provided by J.B.); the Nahua were from central Mexico (provided by M.EAR); the MXN were from Mexico City (provided by ME.AR.), the MAM and AFA were from California, and the CHAH, VAH, KAH, and SAS were from Houston (provided by J.B.). For the West African samples the Bini, are a Niger-Congo group of Bantu speakers from Edo State and the Kanuri, a group of Nilo Saharan speakers fro the Lake Chad region of northern Nigeria (provided by R.K.). The CEU and YRI were HapMap panel genotypes (Altshuler, et al., 2005) and the JPT and CHB were from the I-ControlDB (www.illumina.com/iControlDB, Illumina, San Diego, CA).
