despite having been subjected to an identical fear conditioning paradigm (p>0.05; Bonferroni test) (Fig. 6A). Of note, no differences were observed in the reaction to foot shock between the human glial chimeras and their controls (n=5, 9.6 ± 1.0 months old; F = 0.08 by two-way ANOVA, p>0.5) (Fig. S5A), suggesting that their respective nociceptive thresholds were analogous.