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Chunk #0 — Introduction

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Addictions in the COVID-19 era: Current evidence, future perspectives a comprehensive review.
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Large scale disasters are always accompanied by health consequences, including addictions (Galea et al., 2020). In the ongoing coronavirus COVID-19 worldwide pandemic, some unique clinical features have been observed (Mattiuzzi and Lippi, 2020). Addictions are highly prevalent in Western countries (Kyu et al., 2018). Alcohol is a psychoactive molecule ingested by 2.4 billion people globally, and alcohol use disorders are the most prevalent substance use disorder (SUD) (GBD 2016 Alcohol and Drug Use Collaborators, 2018). Alcohol is the drug that causes the most harm in Western countries (Kypri and McCambridge, 2018). There is also a high prevalence of tobacco smoking (around 25% in Europe) (Gallus et al., 2020). Tobacco being associated with chronic lung diseases (Ni et al., 2020), physicians may expect more smokers in severe COVID-19 forms. However, current smoking appears to be a protective factor against SARS-CoV2 infection (Changeux et al., 2020). Opiate use disorders have been the focus of recent expert editorials (GBD 2016 Alcohol and Drug Use Collaborators, 2018; Volkow, 2020). Health and social consequences of the pandemic are not clearly known. Lockdown policies aim at