covariates were specified a priori on theoretical grounds and to facilitate comparability with past research (Zvolensky et al., 2006). Additional analyses were conducted that controlled for lifetime nicotine dependence in addition to the aforementioned covariates given recent findings indicating that marijuana–panic psychopathology associations may be influenced, or explained by, tobacco use (Bonn-Miller, Zvolensky, & Johnson, in press; Zvolensky et al., 2008).