music or video entertainment and caffeine-free meals or snacks ad lib during this period of time. After 105 min, the patient's vital signs and OOWS and SOWS were reassessed. One hundred and twenty minutes after i.v. morphine administration, 10 mg/70 kg naloxone (Hospira Inc.) was administered to the volunteer as an i.v. bolus. Vital signs, SOWS and OOWS were administered 5 and 15 min after the naloxone administration.