type B (EDNRB), Usher syndrome 2A (USH2A), TCDD-inducible poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (TIPARP), monoamine oxidase A, Na+/K+ transporting ATPase interacting 2 (NKAIN2), and Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule like 1 (DSCAML1) [32], with four SNPs in DSCAML1 reaching genome-wide significance. A GWAS for alcohol consumption in Korean male drinkers [23] identified 12 SNPs in six genes (chromosome 12 ORF 51 (C12orf51), and the genes encoding coiled-coil domain containing 63 (CCDC63), myosin, light chain 2 (MYL2), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 3 (OAS3), cut-like homeobox 2 (CUX2), and rabphilin 3A homolog (RPH3A)) on chromosome 12q24 associated with alcohol consumption at a genome-wide significance level. In contrast, two studies on alcohol dependence [25,26], including one of the largest GWASs to date, with over 10,000 individuals from the Australian Twin Registry, failed to identify any SNPs with genome-wide significance. A GWAS meta-analysis of approximately 2.5 million SNPs with alcohol consumption among 12 population-based samples of European ancestry, comprising more than 20,000 individuals [30], identified a single SNP, rs6943555, in the gene for autism susceptibility candidate 2 (AUTS2) associated with alcohol consumption at a genome-wide significance level.
