determine relative contributions of body weight versus treatment on measured parameters found no significant contributions of the change in body weight on BMD or compressive strength, confirming that the changes we observed in these parameters following chronic binge alcohol treatment were the result of direct (or indirect) effects of alcohol or its metabolites on bone. These analyses (BMD, compressive strength) were performed to provide a basis for the identification of biosignatures present in bone prior to measurable alcohol-induced bone damage, concurrent with alcohol damage and in bone protected from alcohol damage by bisphosphonate treatment.