16, but not 12, mediated alcohol preference differences between HAD2 and LAD2 rats (Foroud et al., 2003). A subsequent study revealed that QTLs on chromosomes 10 and 16, but not 5 and 12, mediated alcohol preference differences between HAD2 and LAD2 rats (Carr et al., 2003). Thus, differences in QTLs mediating alcohol preference exist even between replicate line-pairs (HAD1-LAD1 vs. HAD2-LAD2) selectively bred from the same foundational rat line (N/Nih).