In the OG (OrGanelle) line (Encoded on subsection of the ‘Names and origin’ section, (http://www.uniprot.org/manual/encoded_on), six general terms for plastids are used: ‘Chloroplast’ indicates the organism is photosynthetic.‘Non-photosynthetic plastid’ is used when the organism is from a photosynthetic lineage but genetically unable to photosynthesize, as happens with some parasitic plants (Epifagus virginiana, Aneura mirabilis), a parastic ‘green’ algae (Helicosporidium sp. Subsp. Simulium jonesii) and a euglenoid (Astasia longa).‘Cyanelle’ is used for the plastid of the glaucophyte algae. It has the remnants of a cell wall between its surrounding membranes.‘Apicoplast’ is used for plastids from the non-photosynthetic Apicocomplexan parasites such as Plasmodium, Toxoplasma and Eimeria which cause malaria, toxoplasmosis and coccidian diseases respectively. Although the plastid remnant has a reduced coding capacity, it is essential for cell survival and as such is interesting as a drug target.‘Organellar chromatophore’ is used for the plastid of the thecate amoeba Paulinella chromatophora, which has a very large endosymbiont genome (1.0 Mb, encoding almost 900 proteins).‘Plastid’ (without any qualifier) is used for some parasitic plants (mostly from the genus Cuscuta) which may be briefly photosynthetic when very young.
