of the FFM and in many instances their descriptions were more extensive and richer in content than the DSM-IV-TR criterion sets. For example, as noted by Samuel and Widiger (2004), “the clinicians' FFM descriptions of paranoid personality disorder went beyond the DSM-IV-TR description to include low positive emotionality, low openness to values, high anxiousness, low warmth, low gregariousness, low altruism, and low tender mindedness” (pp. 298-300), much of which was confirmed in the current meta-analysis.
