years (for example, the 1000 Genomes Project6, the All of Us research program7, the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine (TOPMed) program8 and the Human Heredity and Health in Africa Consortium9), population-based genetic association studies do not directly elucidate potential biological mechanisms of risk variants. Cross-ancestry expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) have focused on improved fine mapping while leaving unanswered the question of how gene expression and epigenetic regulation are parsed specifically by ancestry10.
