to the promoter region, and subsequently, methyl CpG binding proteins recruit a variety of histone deacetylase (HDAC) complexes and chromatin remodeling factors, leading to chromatin compaction and transcriptional repression.25 DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides plays a central role in many biological processes, such as chromatin structure remodeling,26 genomic imprinting,27 transposon silencing,28 chromosome X inactivation,29 and cell differentiation.30 DNA methylation can vary dynamically in response to developmental cues or environmental stimuli.31 There is also dynamic DNA methylation across different human cells and tissues.32 Altered DNA methylation may be involved in many psychiatric conditions, including AUDs.33–36
