The field is rapidly evolving, and additional approaches continue to be developed. For example, the cocktail method uses a module-based approach that implements multiple analytical methods simultaneously, including weighting for multiple comparison testing adjustment, implementing two-step procedures and testing with case-only, case-control and empirical Bayes [Hsu, et al. 2012], and the EDGxE method has a screening step that uses both marginal-effect and gene-environment correlation information to efficiently filter SNPs for GxE testing [Gauderman, et al. 2013]. An additional approach augments case-only data with exposure data collected from siblings [Weinberg, et al. 2011]. Further approaches are being developed through NIH funded applications in response to a program announcement on “Methods and Approaches for Detection of Gene-Environment Interactions in Human Disease” [http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/pa-files/PAR-11-032.html].
