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Chunk #14 — Results/Discussion — Bptf Mutants Fail To Develop a Functional Distal Visceral Endoderm

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Essential role of chromatin remodeling protein Bptf in early mouse embryos and embryonic stem cells.
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As a first step in the molecular analysis of Bptf in embryonic development we examined the expression of Bptf using in situ RNA hybridization. We observed expression in the inner cell mass (ICM) and primitive endoderm at E4.5 and all embryonic tissues at E5.5 and E6.5. Interestingly we do not observe Bptf expression in the visceral endoderm at E5.5 and E6.5 (Figure 2A). We also monitored the activity of the β-galactosidase moiety of the Bptf–β-Geo fusion protein in heterozygous mice. Consistent with our in situ analysis a histochemical analysis of whole mounts showed that Bptf–β-Geo is expressed in the embryo proper at E5.5, E6.5 and E7.5 (Figure S8A, S8B, S8C, S8D, S8E, S8F, S8G). Further analysis of histological sections revealed that Bptf–β-Geo expression at E7.5 is primarily confined to the embryonic ectoderm, with reduced levels in mesoderm and no expression in the visceral endoderm (Figure S8A′, Figure S8B′). At subsequent stages, from E7.5 to E13.5, histochemical analysis of whole mounts showed widespread Bptf–β-Geo expression in the developing embryo (Figure S9A, Figure S9B, S9C, S9D, S9E, S9F). This temporal correlation between