Chunk #13 — Materials and Methods — Measures — Manchester & Newcastle

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Genome-wide association uncovers shared genetic effects among personality traits and mood states.

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The respective personality and depression scales were the EPQ and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, Beck et al. 1961). The BDI is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, in which the severity of each symptom is rated on a 4-point scale.