The current studies demonstrated that A112G SNP led to lower DAMGO-stimulated [35S]GTPγS binding in the VTA. In addition, A112G SNP resulted in reductions in DAMGO-stimulated [35S]GTPγS in the NAc core in females, but not in males. These biochemical changes resulting from A112G SNP may correlate with alterations in morphine-induced in vivo pharmacological effects, which are discussed below.