UK Biobank participants were followed up for mean durations of 6.77 (standard deviation, 1.01) years and 5.53 (standard deviation, 1.10) years for all-cause mortality and incident cancer, respectively. Compared with national death rates among persons aged 70–74 years, all-cause mortality in UK Biobank participants was 46.2% lower in men and 55.5% lower in women (Figure 3A and 3B; also see Web Table 4 for further details of age-specific mortality rates). The total cancer incidence rate was also lower than in the general population, being 11.8% and 18.1% lower at ages 70–74 years in men and women, respectively (Figure 4A and 4B; also see Web Table 5 for further details of age-specific cancer incidence rates). A similar pattern was observed for cancers of the colorectum, kidney, and endometrium (Web Figure 3). Lung cancer incidence rates in UK Biobank were markedly lower for both men and women, while rates of female breast cancer were similar to the national average, with the exception of women aged 45–49 years, in whom the rate was higher in the UK Biobank cohort. In contrast, prostate cancer incidence was higher in UK Biobank compared with national rates across all age groups examined.
