as well as other characteristics such as the type of beverage consumed (i.e., size, strength, beverage type), whether food was consumed with the alcohol, what other activities the respondent was engaged in as well as other relevant individual demographic and usual drinking characteristics. As an analogy of the self-report gold standard, the BAC “gold standard” measure would be that taken a single time at the exact time of injury (not arrival to the ER) and would be free from any measurement error or other biases.
