Chunk #53 — Methods — Removal of pleiotropic SNPs by HEIDI-outlier

Source

Causal associations between risk factors and common diseases inferred from GWAS summary data.

Embedded

yes

Text

detect heterogeneity, we use a modest threshold 0.01. This means that even if there is no pleiotropic outlier, we will remove only ~1% of the instruments by chance, which is very unlikely to result in a substantial decrease in power of the subsequent GSMR analysis.