Chunk #11 — Problems of Successful Translation to Humans of Data from Animal Experimentation — The Discordance between Human Diseases and Animal Models of Diseases
and Drug Administration (FDA)–approved drug to treat ALS is Riluzole, which shows notably marginal benefit on patient survival.31 Animal models have also been unable to reproduce the complexities of human TBI.32 In 2010, Maas et al. reported on 27 large Phase 3 clinical trials and 6 unpublished trials in TBI that all failed to show human benefit after showing benefit in animals.33 Additionally, even after success in animals, around 172 and 150 drug development failures have been identified in the treatment of human AD34 and inflammatory diseases,35 respectively.
