Frontal cortex human brain samples from the CNDR Brain Bank characterized following consensus criteria1,3 were dissected as previously described23. Neurologically normal controls (n=7), FTLD-TDP cases with (n=8), and without (n=10) GRN mutations were sampled (Supplementary Table 10). GRN mutations were confirmed to be absent from control cases. RNA quality was verified using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer (RIN>6 for inclusion) as previously described23. mRNA expression was quantified by QRT-PCR on the ABI7500 using the delta-delta CT method, and the geometric mean of two housekeeping genes (β-actin and Cyclophilin A), shown to have stable expression in frontal cortex samples from FTLD-TDP and normal individuals23. Detailed information on primers is available on request.