memory-dependent protein synthesis.87 In addition to Armitage, and its mammalian equivalent, Moloney leukemia virus 10 MOV10, several other important components of the miRNA biosynthesis cascade, such as Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP),88-90 are also localized to sites of synaptic contacts and regulate synaptic function. Indeed, FMRP has been shown to regulate the actions of many CNS-enriched miRNAs on neuronal morphology and dendritic spine development.91-95 Considering their enrichment at the synapse, it was proposed that miRNAs may play an important role in the induction and stabilization of long-term memories.87,96 Indeed, there is now overwhelming evidence that miRNAs regulate almost all aspects of memory-associated structural and functional plasticity in brain; for recent references see refs 97,103.
