California Indian population [43] and with reduced risk for alcohol dependence in the Southwest American Indian and Plains Indian populations [45]. Although an initial study suggested a relation between a functional polymorphism in ADH1C (rs698; [47]), subsequent studies have failed to detect a relation between alcohol misuse phenotypes and ADH1C polymorphisms [43, 45], including a proline-theonin substitution in codon 351 of ADH1C (rs35719513) that has been observed almost exclusively in Native American populations [48].
