Externalizing psychopathology was assessed using three standardized instruments administered to participants by condition-blind interviewers. Each participant was also invited to nominate a peer for an independent, confidential interview about the participant. 702 participants (81 percent of those living) and 535 peers (76 percent of participants, net 62 percent of total) provided data. Participation did not differ significantly by condition (n’s= 352 control and 350 intervention). For each problem indicator defined below, we coded the problem as present (1) if either the participant or the informant interview responses met criteria, and not present (0) otherwise. The outcome of Any Externalizing Psychopathology was defined as having any of the following externalizing mental health problems. Antisocial Personality Disorder and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were defined by DSM-IV criterion items from the Adult Self Report (ASR) (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2003) instrument used for participant interviews and the parallel Adult Behavior Checklist-Friend (ABCL-F) (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2003) used for peer interviews. Alcohol Abuse Disorder was defined according to the Alcohol and Drug Module of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) (Robins et al., 1981) completed
