Minimal promoters of ADH4 (4Basal; −41 to −299 bp relative to ADH4 +1 CDS) and ADH1B (1Basal; −10 to −151 bp relative to ADH1B +1 CDS) were amplified by PCR from human DNA using R-Taq polymerase (Midsci, St. Louis, MO). SV40 promoter was amplified from the pGL3 control vector (Promega, Madison, WI). All oligonucleotides are listed in Table 1a. All promoters were subcloned into KpnI and XhoI sites in the pXP2 luciferase reporter plasmid (Nordeen, 1988). Test fragment 4E (−14,506 to −13,003 bp relative to ADH4 + 1 CDS) was amplified by PCR from human DNA and cloned into BamHI and HindIII sites upstream of the respective promoters. Sub-fragments of 4E (Figure 1C) were cloned into BamHI and SalI sites of pXP2, upstream of 4Basal.
