details, see Kayser et al., 2010). Depending on the reference scheme, the resulting waveforms differ dramatically in their sequence of prominent deflections at any given scalp location, affecting their peak amplitude, peak latency and peak location. For words, for example, the NR data at site T8 show two consecutive negative ERP deflections peaking at 200 and 330 ms, followed by a robust positive deflection peaking at 600 ms. At the same site, the LM data show a small negative deflection peak at 90 ms, followed by a positive peak at 145 ms and a late positivity peaking at 900 ms. The AR data, however, reveal only a negative ERP deflection at T8 peaking at 215 ms but no substantial late negativity or positivity. As another example, for faces, NR and AR data show early positive-negative ERP deflections at site P04, peaking at 90 and 150 ms, respectively, whereas this peak sequence is virtually absent in the LM data, which shows no negative deflection at 150 ms at all. Beyond 300 ms, however, NR and LM data appear to have almost identical waveforms for faces at PO4, with a common positive maximum at 600 ms, whereas AR data has a positive
