lipids, hypertension, thyroid disease and osteoarthritis [6]. Individuals with MDD and bipolar disorder also have a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndromes, due in part to less engagement in physical activity and more sedentary behavior as well as medication side effects (e.g., weight gain) [7–15]. These risk factors lead to earlier and higher rates of mortality for individuals with MDD and bipolar disorder compared to the general population [16]. Moreover, despite major pharmacological advances in the treatment of MDD and bipolar disorder, as many as 19–34% of depressed patients and 30–35% of patients with bipolar disorder do not achieve remission [17, 18]. Medications used to treat severe mood disorders, such as quetiapine and lithium, are often associated with weight gain [12]. Thus, alternative augmentation strategies that target mental and physical health would be desirable. Exercise represents a cost-effective and easily disseminated intervention that includes the benefits of minimal side effects and improved physical and mental health.
