Multiple studies document impairments in simple visual-spatial construction on tests like the Beery-Buktenica Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration, which requires individuals to copy drawings of geometric forms (Aronson & Hagberg, 1998; Chiodo, Janisse, Delaney-Black, Sokol, & Hannigan, 2009; Conry, 1990; Janzen, et al., 1995; Jirikowic, Carmichael Olson, & Kartin, 2008; Korkman, Autti-Rämö, Koivulehto, & Granström, 1998; Mattson, et al., 1998; Uecker & Nadel, 1996). Performance on more complex visual-spatial tasks has been reported only rarely. On a clock-drawing task, although children with FAS were able to remember the essential features of a clock, they disregarded details like spacing between numbers. These observations, combined with reported simple visual-spatial construction deficits, suggest that alcohol-exposed individuals may demonstrate a form of constructional apraxia (Uecker & Nadel, 1996). In one very small study of four boys with fetal alcohol effects, none of the subjects were able to successfully model the construction of a simple symmetrical block structure when shown a video of a peer building the same configuration (Meyer, 1998). Additional research has shown that children with prenatal alcohol exposure differentially process specific
