specified behaviour [15]. Individuals that are struggling with drug dependence display dependence-related behaviours that can be attributed to the dysregulation of prefrontal cortical activity. The transition from voluntary to habitual (and eventually compulsive) opioid use is hypothesized to represent a shift from prefrontal cortical to dorsal striatal control of dopamine pathways associated with the maintenance of drug-seeking and drug-taking behavior, which is manifested into an ultimate loss of control over the addictive behaviour [33].
