We identified papers that would allow the empirical assessment of the proposed approximation procedure for calculating power. We searched PubMed and major journals for papers where the value of power was given by simulations for the same test, design, sampling procedure, and effect size, but at different sample sizes or α-levels, so that we could compare the power given in the paper estimated directly by simulation with the power that we estimated through the EEE approach. No attempt was made to conduct an exhaustive search of all eligible papers. Instead, we tried to obtain a sufficiently large sample of papers to yield clear results and a sufficiently diverse sample to permit an assessment of performance of EEE over a broad range of circumstances. A total of 15 simulation studies were used to estimate power or sample size using the EEE procedure [1–3, 5–7, 9–11, 13, 16–20]. We had one study involving linkage analysis [20], one study involving familial aggregation analysis [16], 5 involving various family-based association (i.e., TDT-type) tests [1–3, 18, 19], one involving a population-based association test [6], 2
